Daerah penghasil beras hitam di
Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah meliputi daerah Sleman, Bantul, Wonosobo,
Temanggung, Banjarnegara, Surakarta, dan Boyolali. Beras hitam berfungsi
sebagai obat dan bahan pangan. Kadar vitamin, mikroelemen dan asam amino dari
beras hitam semuanya lebih tinggi daripada beras biasa. Riset menunjukkan,
warna beras kian gelap, pigmen anti penuaan di lapisan luar beras kian
menonjol. Oleh karena itu, beras hitam merupakan beras yang paling kaya pigmen
dibanding beras jenis lain. Zat kalium dan magnesium dalam beras hitam
bermanfaat bagi pengontrolan tekanan darah, dan mengurangi risiko terserang
penyakit pembuluh darah otak dan jantung.
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Beras
hitam dijual di pasaran mampu mencapai Rp. 27.000,- per kilogram, bahkan bisa
lebih mahal lagi jika jenis beras hitam organik. Namun produksi beras hitam ini
masih terbatas sehingga sulit diperoleh di pasaran. Untuk menambah produksi
beras hitam ini, petani mencoba mengembangkan budidaya tanaman padi yang
menghasilkan beras hitam. Diharapkan pengembangan beras hitam ini dapat lebih baik
lagi dikembangkan dalam upaya peningkatan pengembangan agribisnis tanaman
pangan dan nilai tambah bagi petani.
Potential
Development of Black rice in Agribusiness
Black
rice producing areas in Yogyakarta and Central Java covers an area of Sleman, Bantul, Wonosobo, Waterford, Banjarnegara,
Surakarta, and Boyolali. Black rice serves
as medicine and food. Levels
of vitamins, microelements and amino acids from black rice all higher than
ordinary rice. Research
shows that rice growing darker color, anti aging pigment in the outer layer of
rice is increasingly prominent. Therefore,
black rice is rich in rice pigment than most other types of rice. Potassium
and magnesium in black rice beneficial for blood pressure control, and reduce
the risk of cerebrovascular disease and heart. Consumers and enthusiasts more
and more black rice, black rice when the price is more expensive than brown
rice, white rice especially. Perhaps
these opportunities can be utilized for business in the field of black rice
cultivation. Black
rice has the ability to maintain and boost immunity (immunity), remove the
toxins (detoxification), balance the metabolism, and also has a delicious aroma
and flavor. In
addition, black rice can also help cure a variety of diseases such as leukemia,
diabetes, obesity, cancer, cholesterol, ulcers, asthma, kidney, hipatitis,
anemia, digestive problems, premature aging, food allergies, and other female
issues. (Sources:
various related sources, media, Research and Development of Ministry of
Agriculture, the data is processed F. Hero K. Purba). Black
rice which has the best nutrients compared to other color rice, because it
contains vitamins B1, B complex and minerals. Iron for
example, is higher than white rice. The
results of laboratory analysis of Food and Nutrition Inter-University (PAU) UGM
shows, black rice protein content 7.88%. This is
higher than white rice which is only 6.8%. However,
the carbohydrate content of 74.81% only slightly smaller than the 78.9% white
rice. Iron
content of 15.52 ppm, much higher than white rice ranged from 2.9 to 4.4 ppm. The
body needs iron to make red blood cells. In
addition, black rice contains relatively large amounts of fiber food (dietary
fiber), slow the rate of starch digestion, blood sugar index of 55, while white
rice 87. Energy
value in every 100 grams of rice, black rice on top of white rice is 352 kcal
vs. 349 kcal. For example Karep Maju Farmer's Group UPFA Kaligiri Village, the
development of black rice is being planted, a new agricultural commodity. According to him,
only a few farmers grow black rice. So
that production ranged from 20 to 24 tons in a period of 6 months. The
amount is not yet meet the demands of the local market, as well as those coming
from other areas. In
order to meet the market demand, farmers open new black rice farming area. To
get a local variety of the most superior Black Rice still required observation
of 3 variants are carried out in different locations with different
agro-ecosystem conditions, followed by testing resistance to major pests and
diseases of rice and physicochemical test quality grain / rice from selected
variants. Black rice is sold in the market are able to reach Rp. 27.000,
- per kilogram, can be even more expensive if the type of organic black rice. But
black rice production is still limited so difficult to obtain in the market. To
add to the black rice production, farmers are trying to develop rice
cultivation which produces black rice. The
expected development of black rice could be better developed in an effort to
increase the development of agribusiness and value-added crop for farmers.
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