Indonesia kaya akan aneka ragam tanaman untuk memproduksi minyak atsiri seperti minyak Nilam (patchouli oil), minyak Cengkeh, minyak pala, minyak kayu putih, minyak melati, Minyak sereh wangi (citronella oil) dan sebagainya.Volume perdagangan Minyak Atsiri Dunia diperkirakan bernilai sekitar US$4 milliar pada tahun 2007. Dari beberapa jumlah minyak atsiri tersebut,13 jenis telah memasuki pasar atsiri dunia, yaitu nilam, serai wangi, cengkih, jahe, pala, lada, kayu manis, cendana, melati, akar wangi, kenanga, kayu putih, dan kemukus. Sebagian besar minyak atsiri yang diproduksi petani diekspor dengan pangsa pasar untuk nilam 64%,kenanga 67%, akar wangi 26%, serai wangi 12%, pala 72%, cengkih 63%, jahe 0,4%, dan lada 0,9% dari ekspor dunia. Negara tujuan ekspor minyak atsiri Indonesia antara lain adalah Amerika Serikat (23%), Inggris (19%), Singapura (18%), India (8%), Spanyol (8%), Perancis (6%), Cina (3%), Swiss (3%), Jepang (2%), dan negara-negara lainnya (8%). Meskipun pangsa pasar beberapa komoditas atsiri secara individurelatif tinggi, total pangsa atsiri Indonesia di pasar dunia hanya sekitar 2,6%. Secara historical data, dalam perekonomian nasional pun, pada periode 2001- 2003 komoditas minyak atsiri hanya memiliki porsi yang kecil, digolongkan ke dalam komoditas “perkebunan lainnya”, dengan peran rata-rata 0,01% dari total nilai ekspor komoditas perkebunan. Pada tahun 2004, nilai ekspor komoditas atsiri mencapai US$ 47,2 juta, namun Indonesia juga mengimpor minyak atsiri senilai US$ 12,26 juta serta hasil olahannya (derivat, isolat, dan formula) US$ 117,20 juta.(sumber Balitro and other resources material data BPS)
Indonesia adalah salah satu pengekspor utama minyak atsiri dunia dengan nilai ekspor minyak atsiri dan turunannya: lebih dari USD120 juta pada tahun 2007. Di antara sekitar 3 ratus jenis minyak atsiri, terdapat puluhan jenis minyak atsiri yang sudah, sedang dan berpotensi dikembangkan di Indonesia. Pemasaran untuk minyak atsiri tidak bisa terlepas dari penggunaannya. Industri pengguna utama minyak atsiri adalah industri flavor & fragrance, industri kimia aromatik, industri farmasi, industri kosmetik (termasuk spa) dan toiletries (termasuk detergent), industri pengendalian serangga/hama serta industri makanan dan minuman.
Yang menjadi kendala berdasarkan penelitian para pakar atsiri bahwa Minyak atsiri Indonesia dihadapkan pada dua masalah utama, yaitu mutu rendah dan harga yang berfluktuasi, terutama pada komoditas ekspor utama yaitu nilam dan akar wangi. Mutu minyak atsiri yang rendah merupakan akumulasi dari mutu bahan baku tanaman atsiri yang rendah dan tidak seragam, penggunaan alat penyuling dan teknologi proses yang belum terstandar, serta kurangnya insentif harga bagi minyak atsiri yang bermutu baik.
Sebagai contoh kasus dalam hal minyak nilam Indonesia jika kita analisa berdasarkan penelitian impor minyak nilam dari luar negeri bukan untuk di gunakan untuk diolah sebagai produk jadi lainnya, tetapi semata untuk dicampur dengan produk lokal dan diekspor kembali (reekspor). Hal ini disebabkan mutu minyak nilam Indonesia sudah sangat dikenal di luar negeri sebagai minyak yang mutunya sangat baik, sehingga tujuan reekspor tersebut merupakan strategi dagang para pengekspor minyak nilam Indonesia untuk memperoleh keuntungan bahwa dengan mengimpor minyak nilam yang harganya lebih murah dan mencantumkan "Made in Indonesia" dan menjual dengan harga lebih tinggi. Namun impor minyak nilam hanya tercatat untuk tahun periode 1986/1987 setelah itu tidak terjadi lagi. Hal itu disebabkan karena berbagai sebab antara lain dapat terjadi antara lain adalah :
Untuk harga minyak nilam jatuh pada titik terendah sehingga kegiatan produksi dalam negeri pun mengalami penurunan sehingga imporpun terhenti;
Dengan perbedaan harga satuan ekspor karena antara minyak nilam Indonesia dengan minyak nilam luar negeri makin kecil karena menurunnya aspirasi pembeli luar negeri terhadap mutu minyak nilam Indonesia karena sekalipun kualitas bagus tetapi banyak di campur.
Mengenai penggunanan Minyak atsiri di Indonesia sangat beragam, dapat digunakan melalui berbagai cara yaitu melalui mulut/dikonsumsi langsung berupa makanan dan minuman seperti jamu yang mengandung minyak atsiri, penyedap/fragrant makanan, flavour es krim, permen, pasta gigi dan lain-lain. Pemakaian luar seperti untuk pemijatan, lulur, lotion, balsam, sabun mandi, shampo, obat luka/memar, pewangi badan (parfum). Melalui pernapasan (inhalasi/aromaterapi) seperti untuk wangi-wangian ruangan, pengharum tissue, pelega pernafasan rasa sejuk dan aroma lain untuk aroma terapi. Pemanfaatan aromaterapi sebagai salah satu pengobatan dan perawatan tubuh yang menjadi trend “back to nature” sangat membutuhkan bahan baku yang beragam dan bermutu dari tanaman aromatik.Keanekaragaman hayati tanaman aromatik yang menghasilkan minyak atsiri diperkirakan 160-200 jenis yang termasuk dalam famili Labiatae, Compositae, Lauraceae, Graminae, Myrtaceae, Umbiliferae dan lain-lain. Dalam dunia perdagangan telah beredar ± 80 jenis minyak atsiri diantaranya nilam, serai wangi, cengkeh, jahe, pala, fuli, jasmin dan lain-lain, sedang di Indonesia diperkirakan ada 12 jenis minyak atsiri yang diekspor ke pasar dunia. Jenis-jenis minyak atsiri Indonesia yang telah memasuki pasaran internasional diantaranya nilam, serai wangi, akar wangi, kenanga/ylang-ylang, jahe, pala/fuli dan sebagainya. Hal ini merupakan tantangan dan peluang bagi pelaku usaha Indonesia untuk lebih lagi menjaga kualitas bagi pasar ekspor maupun pasar domestik, sehingga nantinya peluang emas ini menjadi suatu wujud nyata yang berkelanjutan dalam pengembangan sentra bisnis yang harum dengan pengelolaan aneka minyak atsiri dengan profitable target.
Golden Opportunity Essential Market as a source of natural wealth of Indonesia and the potential world market.
Indonesia is rich in diversity of plants to produce essential oils like Patchouli oil (patchouli oil), clove oil, nutmeg oil, eucalyptus oil, jasmine oil, lemongrass scented oil (citronella oil) and trade sebagainya.Volume Essential Oil World estimated at around U.S. $ 4 billion in 2007. From some of these essential oils, 13 types of essential market has entered the world, the patchouli, citronella scented, cloves, ginger, nutmeg, pepper, cinnamon, sandalwood, jasmine, fragrant root, ylang, eucalyptus, and cubeb. Most of the essential oil produced is exported to the farmers market for 64% of patchouli, ylang 67%, 26% fragrant root, lemongrass scent 12%, 72% of nutmeg, cloves 63%, 0.4% ginger, and pepper 0.9% of world exports. Export destination countries essential oils such as Indonesia, the United States (23%), English (19%), Singapore (18%), India (8%), Spain (8%), France (6%), China (3% ), Switzerland (3%), Japan (2%), and other countries (8%). Although the market share of some essential commodities in high individurelatif, the total share of essential Indonesia on the world market is only about 2.6%. In historical data, even in the national economy, in the period 2001 - 2003 commodities essential oils have only a small portion, of commodities classified into "other estates', the role of average 0.01% of total export value of plantation commodities. In 2004, the export value of essential commodities reached U.S. $ 47.2 million, but Indonesia also imported essential oils worth U.S. $ 12.26 million and their processed products (derivatives, isolates, and the formula) U.S. $ 117.20 million. (Source Balitro and other material resources BPS data) Indonesia is one of the main exporters of essential oils with a value of world exports of essential oils and their derivatives: more than $ 120 million in 2007. Between about 3 hundred types of essential oils, there are dozens of types of essential oils that have been, is and has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Marketing for essential oils can not be separated from its use. The main user industries are industries essential oil flavor & fragrance, aromatic chemicals industry, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic industry (including spa) and toiletries (including detergents), industrial control insects / pests and food and beverage industry. Which becomes a constraint on the basis of research experts Essential oils essential that Indonesia faced with two major problems, namely low quality and prices fluctuate, especially in the main export commodity of patchouli and fragrant roots. Quality of essential oil which is accumulation of low quality raw materials essential plant low and not uniform, the use of technology tools and processes refiners that have not been standardized, and the lack of price incentives for essential oil of good quality. For example, in the case of Indonesian patchouli oil, if we analyze based on studies of patchouli oil imports from overseas is not for use to be processed as any other product, but simply to be mixed with local products and re-exported (re-export). This is because the quality of Indonesian patchouli oil is well known abroad as the oil is very good quality, so the goal is re-export trading strategies of Indonesian patchouli oil exporter to gain that with patchouli oil imports cheaper and put "Made in Indonesia 'and sold at higher prices. Patchouli oil imports but only recorded for the year 1986/1987 period after that does not happen again. This was due to many reasons, among others, may occur include: 1. For patchouli oil prices fell to the lowest point so that the domestic production activities had decreased so imporpun stopped; 2. With the difference in export unit price for the Indonesian patchouli oil with patchouli oil abroad because the smaller the decrease in the aspiration of foreign buyers of Indonesian patchouli oil quality because even good quality but a lot of interference. Penggunanan about Essential oils in Indonesia is very diverse, can be used in various ways is through the mouth / direct consumption of foods and beverages such as herbal medicine containing essential oils, flavorings / food fragrant, flavor ice cream, candy, toothpaste and others. For external use as massage, scrubs, lotions, balm, bath soap, shampoo, medicine cuts, bruises, body fragrance (perfume). Through breathing (inhalation / aromatherapy) as for room scents, fragrances, tissue, feeling the cool salve of respiratory and other aroma to aroma therapy. Utilization of aromatherapy as a treatment and care of the body becomes the trend "back to nature" in dire need of a variety of raw materials and quality of plant biodiversity aromatik.Keanekaragaman aromatic plants which produce essential oils is estimated that 160-200 species included in the family Labiatae, Compositae, Lauraceae, Graminae, Myrtaceae, Umbiliferae and others. In the commercial world has been circulated ± 80 kinds of essential oils including patchouli, citronella scented, cloves, ginger, nutmeg, mace, Jasmin and others, was in Indonesia is estimated there are 12 types of essential oils that are exported to world markets. The types of essential oils that Indonesia has entered the international market such as patchouli, citronella scented, fragrant root, ylang / Ylang-Ylang, ginger, nutmeg / mace and so on. This is a challenge and an opportunity for businessmen to Indonesia much more to maintain the quality of export markets and domestic markets, so that later this golden opportunity into a tangible form in the ongoing development of business centers in the management of various fragrant essential oils with a profitable target.
Indonesia adalah salah satu pengekspor utama minyak atsiri dunia dengan nilai ekspor minyak atsiri dan turunannya: lebih dari USD120 juta pada tahun 2007. Di antara sekitar 3 ratus jenis minyak atsiri, terdapat puluhan jenis minyak atsiri yang sudah, sedang dan berpotensi dikembangkan di Indonesia. Pemasaran untuk minyak atsiri tidak bisa terlepas dari penggunaannya. Industri pengguna utama minyak atsiri adalah industri flavor & fragrance, industri kimia aromatik, industri farmasi, industri kosmetik (termasuk spa) dan toiletries (termasuk detergent), industri pengendalian serangga/hama serta industri makanan dan minuman.
Yang menjadi kendala berdasarkan penelitian para pakar atsiri bahwa Minyak atsiri Indonesia dihadapkan pada dua masalah utama, yaitu mutu rendah dan harga yang berfluktuasi, terutama pada komoditas ekspor utama yaitu nilam dan akar wangi. Mutu minyak atsiri yang rendah merupakan akumulasi dari mutu bahan baku tanaman atsiri yang rendah dan tidak seragam, penggunaan alat penyuling dan teknologi proses yang belum terstandar, serta kurangnya insentif harga bagi minyak atsiri yang bermutu baik.
Sebagai contoh kasus dalam hal minyak nilam Indonesia jika kita analisa berdasarkan penelitian impor minyak nilam dari luar negeri bukan untuk di gunakan untuk diolah sebagai produk jadi lainnya, tetapi semata untuk dicampur dengan produk lokal dan diekspor kembali (reekspor). Hal ini disebabkan mutu minyak nilam Indonesia sudah sangat dikenal di luar negeri sebagai minyak yang mutunya sangat baik, sehingga tujuan reekspor tersebut merupakan strategi dagang para pengekspor minyak nilam Indonesia untuk memperoleh keuntungan bahwa dengan mengimpor minyak nilam yang harganya lebih murah dan mencantumkan "Made in Indonesia" dan menjual dengan harga lebih tinggi. Namun impor minyak nilam hanya tercatat untuk tahun periode 1986/1987 setelah itu tidak terjadi lagi. Hal itu disebabkan karena berbagai sebab antara lain dapat terjadi antara lain adalah :
Untuk harga minyak nilam jatuh pada titik terendah sehingga kegiatan produksi dalam negeri pun mengalami penurunan sehingga imporpun terhenti;
Dengan perbedaan harga satuan ekspor karena antara minyak nilam Indonesia dengan minyak nilam luar negeri makin kecil karena menurunnya aspirasi pembeli luar negeri terhadap mutu minyak nilam Indonesia karena sekalipun kualitas bagus tetapi banyak di campur.
Mengenai penggunanan Minyak atsiri di Indonesia sangat beragam, dapat digunakan melalui berbagai cara yaitu melalui mulut/dikonsumsi langsung berupa makanan dan minuman seperti jamu yang mengandung minyak atsiri, penyedap/fragrant makanan, flavour es krim, permen, pasta gigi dan lain-lain. Pemakaian luar seperti untuk pemijatan, lulur, lotion, balsam, sabun mandi, shampo, obat luka/memar, pewangi badan (parfum). Melalui pernapasan (inhalasi/aromaterapi) seperti untuk wangi-wangian ruangan, pengharum tissue, pelega pernafasan rasa sejuk dan aroma lain untuk aroma terapi. Pemanfaatan aromaterapi sebagai salah satu pengobatan dan perawatan tubuh yang menjadi trend “back to nature” sangat membutuhkan bahan baku yang beragam dan bermutu dari tanaman aromatik.Keanekaragaman hayati tanaman aromatik yang menghasilkan minyak atsiri diperkirakan 160-200 jenis yang termasuk dalam famili Labiatae, Compositae, Lauraceae, Graminae, Myrtaceae, Umbiliferae dan lain-lain. Dalam dunia perdagangan telah beredar ± 80 jenis minyak atsiri diantaranya nilam, serai wangi, cengkeh, jahe, pala, fuli, jasmin dan lain-lain, sedang di Indonesia diperkirakan ada 12 jenis minyak atsiri yang diekspor ke pasar dunia. Jenis-jenis minyak atsiri Indonesia yang telah memasuki pasaran internasional diantaranya nilam, serai wangi, akar wangi, kenanga/ylang-ylang, jahe, pala/fuli dan sebagainya. Hal ini merupakan tantangan dan peluang bagi pelaku usaha Indonesia untuk lebih lagi menjaga kualitas bagi pasar ekspor maupun pasar domestik, sehingga nantinya peluang emas ini menjadi suatu wujud nyata yang berkelanjutan dalam pengembangan sentra bisnis yang harum dengan pengelolaan aneka minyak atsiri dengan profitable target.
Golden Opportunity Essential Market as a source of natural wealth of Indonesia and the potential world market.
Indonesia is rich in diversity of plants to produce essential oils like Patchouli oil (patchouli oil), clove oil, nutmeg oil, eucalyptus oil, jasmine oil, lemongrass scented oil (citronella oil) and trade sebagainya.Volume Essential Oil World estimated at around U.S. $ 4 billion in 2007. From some of these essential oils, 13 types of essential market has entered the world, the patchouli, citronella scented, cloves, ginger, nutmeg, pepper, cinnamon, sandalwood, jasmine, fragrant root, ylang, eucalyptus, and cubeb. Most of the essential oil produced is exported to the farmers market for 64% of patchouli, ylang 67%, 26% fragrant root, lemongrass scent 12%, 72% of nutmeg, cloves 63%, 0.4% ginger, and pepper 0.9% of world exports. Export destination countries essential oils such as Indonesia, the United States (23%), English (19%), Singapore (18%), India (8%), Spain (8%), France (6%), China (3% ), Switzerland (3%), Japan (2%), and other countries (8%). Although the market share of some essential commodities in high individurelatif, the total share of essential Indonesia on the world market is only about 2.6%. In historical data, even in the national economy, in the period 2001 - 2003 commodities essential oils have only a small portion, of commodities classified into "other estates', the role of average 0.01% of total export value of plantation commodities. In 2004, the export value of essential commodities reached U.S. $ 47.2 million, but Indonesia also imported essential oils worth U.S. $ 12.26 million and their processed products (derivatives, isolates, and the formula) U.S. $ 117.20 million. (Source Balitro and other material resources BPS data) Indonesia is one of the main exporters of essential oils with a value of world exports of essential oils and their derivatives: more than $ 120 million in 2007. Between about 3 hundred types of essential oils, there are dozens of types of essential oils that have been, is and has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Marketing for essential oils can not be separated from its use. The main user industries are industries essential oil flavor & fragrance, aromatic chemicals industry, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic industry (including spa) and toiletries (including detergents), industrial control insects / pests and food and beverage industry. Which becomes a constraint on the basis of research experts Essential oils essential that Indonesia faced with two major problems, namely low quality and prices fluctuate, especially in the main export commodity of patchouli and fragrant roots. Quality of essential oil which is accumulation of low quality raw materials essential plant low and not uniform, the use of technology tools and processes refiners that have not been standardized, and the lack of price incentives for essential oil of good quality. For example, in the case of Indonesian patchouli oil, if we analyze based on studies of patchouli oil imports from overseas is not for use to be processed as any other product, but simply to be mixed with local products and re-exported (re-export). This is because the quality of Indonesian patchouli oil is well known abroad as the oil is very good quality, so the goal is re-export trading strategies of Indonesian patchouli oil exporter to gain that with patchouli oil imports cheaper and put "Made in Indonesia 'and sold at higher prices. Patchouli oil imports but only recorded for the year 1986/1987 period after that does not happen again. This was due to many reasons, among others, may occur include: 1. For patchouli oil prices fell to the lowest point so that the domestic production activities had decreased so imporpun stopped; 2. With the difference in export unit price for the Indonesian patchouli oil with patchouli oil abroad because the smaller the decrease in the aspiration of foreign buyers of Indonesian patchouli oil quality because even good quality but a lot of interference. Penggunanan about Essential oils in Indonesia is very diverse, can be used in various ways is through the mouth / direct consumption of foods and beverages such as herbal medicine containing essential oils, flavorings / food fragrant, flavor ice cream, candy, toothpaste and others. For external use as massage, scrubs, lotions, balm, bath soap, shampoo, medicine cuts, bruises, body fragrance (perfume). Through breathing (inhalation / aromatherapy) as for room scents, fragrances, tissue, feeling the cool salve of respiratory and other aroma to aroma therapy. Utilization of aromatherapy as a treatment and care of the body becomes the trend "back to nature" in dire need of a variety of raw materials and quality of plant biodiversity aromatik.Keanekaragaman aromatic plants which produce essential oils is estimated that 160-200 species included in the family Labiatae, Compositae, Lauraceae, Graminae, Myrtaceae, Umbiliferae and others. In the commercial world has been circulated ± 80 kinds of essential oils including patchouli, citronella scented, cloves, ginger, nutmeg, mace, Jasmin and others, was in Indonesia is estimated there are 12 types of essential oils that are exported to world markets. The types of essential oils that Indonesia has entered the international market such as patchouli, citronella scented, fragrant root, ylang / Ylang-Ylang, ginger, nutmeg / mace and so on. This is a challenge and an opportunity for businessmen to Indonesia much more to maintain the quality of export markets and domestic markets, so that later this golden opportunity into a tangible form in the ongoing development of business centers in the management of various fragrant essential oils with a profitable target.
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